منابع مشابه
Kriss Approach to Pico-newton Standard Force Realization
− We report the status and progress of Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) in pico-newton standard force realization. To produce and measure discrete magnetic force on a superconducting ring in proportion to the number of flux-quantum, an instrument and facilities are being developed to provide multiconditions such as low temperature, high field-gradient, high vacuum, vibr...
متن کاملForce microscopy imaging of individual protein molecules with sub-pico Newton force sensitivity.
The capability of atomic force microscopes (AFM) to generate atomic or nanoscale resolution images of surfaces has deeply transformed the study of materials. However, high resolution imaging of biological systems has proved more difficult than obtaining atomic resolution images of crystalline surfaces. In many cases, the forces exerted by the tip on the molecules (1-10 nN) either displace them ...
متن کاملThree-axis micro-force sensor with sub-micro-Newton measurement uncertainty and tunable force range
The first three-axis micro-force sensor with adjustable force range from ±20 μN to ±200 μN and sub-micro-Newton measurement uncertainty is presented. The sensor design, the readout electronics, the sensor characterization and an uncertainty analysis for the force predictions are described. A novel microfabrication process based on a double silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate has been developed...
متن کاملNano-Newton transverse force sensor using a vertical GaN nanowire based on the piezotronic effect.
Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) have been researched as the building blocks for various nanosensors and devices, such as strain sensors, [ 1,2 ] photodetectors, [ 3 ] biosensors, [ 4 ] and gas sensors. [ 5 ] In recent years, wurtzite semiconductor NWs, such as ZnO, have been extensively investigated due to their piezoelectric properties. [ 6 ] With metal-semiconductor Schottky junctions, the elec...
متن کاملOn Newton-Cartan cosmology
After a brief summary of the Newton-Cartan theory in a form which emphasizes its close analogy to general relativity, we illustrate the theory with selective applications in cosmology. The geometrical formulation of this nonrelativistic theory of gravity, pioneered by Cartan and further developed by various workers, leads to a conceptually sound basis of Newtonian cosmology. In our discussion o...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1876
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/015008a0